Intro: The Black Box
- instead of looking simply at the finished product we should look at the process--"Science in the Making" (from the view of an anthropologist)
- "Where can we start a study of science and technology?"
- **good point for photographing the work places for our field map
- go backwards from the "point of invention"
- when did people even start thinking about making the invention?
- science is not FIXED--will these black boxes get reopened? How do we know which ones and when?
- black boxing: scientific and technical work is made invisible by its own success. When a machine runs efficiently, when a matter of fact is settled, one need focus only on its inputs and outputs not on its internal complexity."
- the more the output is positive/consistent, the less we care about "how" as long as it's still producing
- How did truth become?
- when things hold they start becoming true
- when things are true they hold
- Science/Knowledge in the making is create --> fact in textbook
From Weaker to Stronger Rhetoric--Chapter 1 Literature
- modalities: sentences that modify or qualify another one
- positive modalities: sentences that lead a statement away from its conditions of production
- negative modalities: sentences that lead a statement in the other direction towards its condition of product, why it is solid or weak instead of using it to render some other consequences more necessary
- facts and fact making:
- made more of a fact depending on how it is inserted into sentences
- Rhetoric: name of the discipline that studies how people are made to believe and behave and how to persuade others
- argument from authority: appeal to higher and more numerous allies
- using peer review, former texts/studies --> more accuracy/persuasive
- citations
- perfunctory
- context
- paradigm
- stratified: texts become more technical with the mobilization of new elements brought in from other people and papers
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